tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34433146791503227852024-02-20T10:52:29.113-08:00Animals and PlantssYuEhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12114846772090063060noreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3443314679150322785.post-71012003139130513602009-09-07T23:36:00.000-07:002009-09-08T00:05:07.615-07:00<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" ><b style="font-family: georgia;">Plants</b><span style="font-family: georgia;"> are </span><a style="font-family: georgia;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life" title="Life">living</a><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span><a style="font-family: georgia;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">organisms</a><span style="font-family: georgia;"> belonging to the </span><a style="font-family: georgia; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_%28biology%29" title="Kingdom (biology)">kingdom</a><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span><b style="font-family: georgia;">Plantae</b><span style="font-family: georgia;">. They include familiar organisms such as </span><a style="font-family: georgia;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree" title="Tree">trees</a><span style="font-family: georgia;">, </span><a style="font-family: georgia;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herb" title="Herb">herbs</a><span style="font-family: georgia;">, </span><a style="font-family: georgia;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushes" title="Bushes" class="mw-redirect">bushes</a><span style="font-family: georgia;">, </span><a style="font-family: georgia;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grass" title="Grass">grasses</a><span style="font-family: georgia;">, </span><a style="font-family: georgia;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vine" title="Vine">vines</a><span style="font-family: georgia;">, </span><a style="font-family: georgia;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">ferns</a><span style="font-family: georgia;">, </span><a style="font-family: georgia;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moss" title="Moss">mosses</a><span style="font-family: georgia;">, and </span><a style="font-family: georgia;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_algae" title="Green algae">green algae</a><span style="font-family: georgia;">. The scientific study of plants, known as </span><a style="font-family: georgia;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botany</a><span style="font-family: georgia;">, has identified about 350,000 </span><a style="font-family: georgia;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extant_taxon" title="Extant taxon">extant</a><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span><a style="font-family: georgia;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a><span style="font-family: georgia;"> of plants, defined as </span><a style="font-family: georgia;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed_plant" title="Seed plant" class="mw-redirect">seed plants</a><span style="font-family: georgia;">, </span><a style="font-family: georgia;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryophyte" title="Bryophyte">bryophytes</a><span style="font-family: georgia;">, </span><a style="font-family: georgia;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">ferns</a><span style="font-family: georgia;"> and </span><a style="font-family: georgia;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fern_allies" title="Fern allies" class="mw-redirect">fern allies</a><span style="font-family: georgia;">. As of 2004, some 287,655 species had been identified, of which 258,650 are </span><a style="font-family: georgia;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowering" title="Flowering" class="mw-redirect">flowering</a><span style="font-family: georgia;"> and 18,000 </span><a style="font-family: georgia;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryophyte" title="Bryophyte">bryophytes</a><span style="font-family: georgia;"> (see </span><a style="font-family: georgia;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant#Diversity">table below</a><span style="font-family: georgia;">). </span><b style="font-family: georgia;">Green plants</b><span style="font-family: georgia;">, sometimes called </span><b style="font-family: georgia;">Viridiplantae</b><span style="font-family: georgia;">, obtain most of their energy from </span><a style="font-family: georgia;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation" title="Electromagnetic radiation">sunlight</a><span style="font-family: georgia;"> via a process called </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis" title="Photosynthesis">photosynthesis</a>.</p> <div id="toctitle"> <div class="dablink">"Animalia" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia_%28disambiguation%29" title="Animalia (disambiguation)">Animalia (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="dablink">For other uses, see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_%28disambiguation%29" title="Animal (disambiguation)">Animal (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <table class="infobox biota" style="padding: 2px; text-align: center; width: 200px;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align: center;"> <th style="background: rgb(211, 211, 164) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">Animals<br /><small>Fossil range: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ediacaran" title="Ediacaran">Ediacaran</a> - Recent,</small> <div id="Timeline-row" style="border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); border-width: 1px; margin: 4px auto 0pt; padding: 0px; overflow: visible; clear: both; width: 200px; height: 18px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"> <div style="overflow: visible; z-index: 1000; left: 5px; width: 0pt; position: absolute; height: 100%;"><small><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreЄ</a></small></div> <div id="bar" style="position: absolute; height: 100%; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(147, 171, 110); left: 33.2308px; width: 16.5231px;"><small><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Є</a></small></div> <div id="bar" style="position: absolute; height: 100%; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(0, 149, 126); left: 49.7538px; width: 13.7231px;"><small><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></small></div> <div id="bar" style="position: absolute; height: 100%; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(179, 225, 182); left: 63.4769px; width: 8.52308px;"><small><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></small></div> <div id="bar" style="position: absolute; height: 100%; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(211, 160, 80); left: 72px; width: 17.4769px;"><small><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></small></div> <div id="bar" style="position: absolute; height: 100%; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(111, 175, 176); left: 89.4769px; width: 18.5231px;"><small><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></small></div> <div id="bar" style="position: absolute; height: 100%; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(240, 64, 60); left: 108px; width: 14.7692px;"><small><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></small></div> <div id="bar" style="position: absolute; height: 100%; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(146, 76, 148); left: 122.769px; width: 15.8154px;"><small><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></small></div> <div id="bar" style="position: absolute; height: 100%; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(0, 176, 222); left: 138.585px; width: 16.6462px;"><small><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></small></div> <div id="bar" style="position: absolute; height: 100%; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(127, 198, 78); left: 155.231px; width: 24.6154px;"><small><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></small></div> <div id="bar" style="position: absolute; height: 100%; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(253, 154, 82); left: 179.846px; width: 13.0677px;"><small><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene"><small>Pg</small></a></small></div> <div id="bar" style="position: absolute; height: 100%; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 230, 25); left: 192.914px; width: 7.08615px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene"><small>N</small></a></div> <div style="margin: 0pt auto; padding: 0px; overflow: visible; line-height: 0pt; clear: both; width: 200px; height: 8px; background-color: transparent; position: relative; top: -4px; z-index: 100;"> </div> </div> </th> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Animaldiversity.jpg" class="image" title="Left to right: Hapalochlaena lunulata (a mollusk), Sphodromantis viridis (an arthropod), Lumbricus terrestris (an annelid), Panthera tigris (a chordate), and Chrysaora colorata (a cnidarian)."><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Animaldiversity.jpg/300px-Animaldiversity.jpg" width="300" height="180" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><small>Left to right: <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Blue-ringed_Octopus" title="Greater Blue-ringed Octopus">Hapalochlaena lunulata</a></i> (a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mollusca" title="Mollusca">mollusk</a>), <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphodromantis_viridis" title="Sphodromantis viridis">Sphodromantis viridis</a></i> (an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">arthropod</a>), <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbricus_terrestris" title="Lumbricus terrestris">Lumbricus terrestris</a></i> (an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annelid" title="Annelid">annelid</a>), <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">Panthera tigris</a></i> (a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">chordate</a>), and <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysaora_colorata" title="Chrysaora colorata">Chrysaora colorata</a></i> (a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cnidaria" title="Cnidaria">cnidarian</a>).</small></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th style="background: rgb(211, 211, 164) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_classification" title="Biological classification">Scientific classification</a></th> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td> <table style="margin: 0pt auto; background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-align: left; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td>Domain:</td> <td><span class="domain"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukarya" title="Eukarya" class="mw-redirect">Eukarya</a></span><br /></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>(unranked):</td> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opisthokonta" title="Opisthokonta" class="mw-redirect">Opisthokonta</a><br /></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Kingdom:</td> <td><span class="kingdom"><b>Animalia</b></span><br /><small><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus" title="Carolus Linnaeus" class="mw-redirect">Linnaeus</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systema_Naturae" title="Systema Naturae">1758</a></small></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr style="background: rgb(211, 211, 164) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"> <th><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylum" title="Phylum">Phyla</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0pt 0.5em; text-align: left;"> <ul><li><b><i>Subkingdom <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parazoa" title="Parazoa">Parazoa</a></i></b> <ul><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge" title="Sponge">Porifera</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placozoa" title="Placozoa">Placozoa</a></li></ul> </li><li><b><i>Subkingdom <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eumetazoa" title="Eumetazoa">Eumetazoa</a></i></b> <ul><li><i><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiata" title="Radiata">Radiata</a> (unranked)</b></i> <ul><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ctenophora" title="Ctenophora" class="mw-redirect">Ctenophora</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cnidaria" title="Cnidaria">Cnidaria</a></li></ul> </li><li><i><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria">Bilateria</a> (unranked)</b></i> <ul><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthonectida" title="Orthonectida">Orthonectida</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhombozoa" title="Rhombozoa">Rhombozoa</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoelomorpha" title="Acoelomorpha">Acoelomorpha</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaetognatha" title="Chaetognatha">Chaetognatha</a></li><li><b>Superphylum <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuterostomia" title="Deuterostomia" class="mw-redirect">Deuterostomia</a></b> <ul><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata" class="mw-redirect">Chordata</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemichordata" title="Hemichordata">Hemichordata</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinoderm" title="Echinoderm">Echinodermata</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenoturbellida" title="Xenoturbellida" class="mw-redirect">Xenoturbellida</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vetulicolia" title="Vetulicolia">Vetulicolia</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">†</a></li></ul> </li><li><i><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protostomia" title="Protostomia" class="mw-redirect">Protostomia</a> (unranked)</b></i> <ul><li><b>Superphylum <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecdysozoa" title="Ecdysozoa">Ecdysozoa</a></b> <ul><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinorhyncha" title="Kinorhyncha">Kinorhyncha</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loricifera" title="Loricifera">Loricifera</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priapulida" title="Priapulida">Priapulida</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nematoda" title="Nematoda" class="mw-redirect">Nematoda</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nematomorpha" title="Nematomorpha">Nematomorpha</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobopodia" title="Lobopodia">Lobopodia</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">†</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onychophora" title="Onychophora">Onychophora</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tardigrada" title="Tardigrada" class="mw-redirect">Tardigrada</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropoda" title="Arthropoda" class="mw-redirect">Arthropoda</a></li></ul> </li><li><b>Superphylum <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platyzoa" title="Platyzoa">Platyzoa</a></b> <ul><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platyhelminthes" title="Platyhelminthes" class="mw-redirect">Platyhelminthes</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrotricha" title="Gastrotricha" class="mw-redirect">Gastrotricha</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotifera" title="Rotifera" class="mw-redirect">Rotifera</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthocephala" title="Acanthocephala">Acanthocephala</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnathostomulida" title="Gnathostomulida" class="mw-redirect">Gnathostomulida</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrognathozoa" title="Micrognathozoa" class="mw-redirect">Micrognathozoa</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycliophora" title="Cycliophora" class="mw-redirect">Cycliophora</a></li></ul> </li><li><b>Superphylum <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lophotrochozoa" title="Lophotrochozoa">Lophotrochozoa</a></b> <ul><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipuncula" title="Sipuncula">Sipuncula</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyolitha" title="Hyolitha">Hyolitha</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">†</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemertea" title="Nemertea">Nemertea</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoronida" title="Phoronida" class="mw-redirect">Phoronida</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryozoa" title="Bryozoa">Bryozoa</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entoprocta" title="Entoprocta">Entoprocta</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachiopoda" title="Brachiopoda" class="mw-redirect">Brachiopoda</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mollusca" title="Mollusca">Mollusca</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annelida" title="Annelida" class="mw-redirect">Annelida</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echiura" title="Echiura">Echiura</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Animals</b> are a major group of mostly multicellular, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic" title="Eukaryotic" class="mw-redirect">eukaryotic</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">organisms</a> of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_%28biology%29" title="Kingdom (biology)">kingdom</a> <b>Animalia</b> or <b>Metazoa</b>. Their <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_plan" title="Body plan">body plan</a> eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamorphosis_%28biology%29" title="Metamorphosis (biology)" class="mw-redirect">metamorphosis</a> later on in their life. Most animals are <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motile" title="Motile" class="mw-redirect">motile</a>, meaning they can move spontaneously and independently. Most animals are also <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterotroph" title="Heterotroph">heterotrophs</a>, meaning they must ingest other organisms for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustenance" title="Sustenance">sustenance</a>.</p> <p>Most known animal <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylum" title="Phylum">phyla</a> appeared in the fossil record as marine species during the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambrian_explosion" title="Cambrian explosion">Cambrian explosion</a>, about 542 million years ago.</p> <span class="toctoggle"></span></div>sYuEhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12114846772090063060noreply@blogger.com0